Onions produce the chemical irritant known as syn-propanethial-S-oxide. It stimulates the eyes’ lachrymal glands so they release tears. Scientists used to blame the enzyme allinase for the instability of substances in a cut onion. Recent studies from Japan, however, proved that lachrymatory-factor synthase, (a previously undiscovered enzyme) is the culprit.
The process goes as follows:
- Lachrymatory-factor synthase is released into the air when we cut an onion.
 - The synthase enzyme converts the amino acids sulfoxides of the onion into sulfenic acid.
 - The unstable sulfenic acid rearranges itself into syn-ropanethial-S-oxide.
 - Syn-propanethial-S-oxide gets into the air and comes in contact with our eyes. The lachrymal glands become irritated and produces the tears!
 

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Thank you !