CO, CNR, R3P, NO etc. are such ligands which have filled orbitals (called donor orbitals) as well as empty л-orbitals (called acceptor orbitals). These ligands are called π- acid ligands or π-acceptor ligands or л-bonding ligands. These ligands combine with transition metals in low oxidation states (e.g. -1,0,+1) and form complexes which are called π-acid complexes. This л-acid complexes are the complexes of transition metals in low oxidation state with π-acid ligands. Metallic corbonyls are important examples of π-acid complexes. These complexes have ligand→ metal σ bonds as well as metal → ligand π-bonds.
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